Mental health

William Killgore

Professor, Psychiatry
Professor, Psychology
Professor, Medical Imaging
Member of the Graduate Faculty
Professor, BIO5 Institute
Primary Department
Department Affiliations
Contact
(520) 621-0605

Work Summary

Dr. Killgore is the Director of the Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) Lab in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Arizona. He is a clinical neuropsychologist and research neuroscientist whose research focuses on understanding the brain systems involved in emotional processes and cognitive performance. For the past decade, his work has focused nearly exclusively on the factors affecting the mental health, wellbeing, and performance of military personnel and combat Veterans. His work combines neurocognitive assessment with state-of-the-art neuroimaging methods to study the role of emotion in complex cognitive processes such as moral judgment, decision-making, and risk-taking. He is also interested in how these brain-behavior systems may be affected by environmental and lifestyle factors such as insufficient sleep, nutrition, light exposure, physical activity, and stimulants such as caffeine. In particular, Dr. Killgore has explored the role of sleep as a mediator of psychological and emotional health and the potential role of insufficient sleep as a contributor to psychiatric disturbance, emotional dysregulation, and risk-related behavior. He is currently conducting several Department of Defense funded studies on problems affecting military personnel including mild traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Research Interest

Dr. Killgore holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology from Texas Tech University, and has completed postdoctoral training in Clinical Neuropsychology at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Pennsylvania, and postdoctoral training in Cognitive Neuroimaging at Harvard Medical School. As Principal investigator, Dr. Killgore currently has over $17 million in active grant funding from the Department of Defense to study methods for accelerating recovery from mild traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder, to develop online training programs for enhancing emotional intelligence and resilience skills in military personnel, to study the effects of stress on cognitive processing, and to validate a machine-learning cell-phone application that will individually tailor caffeine administration to sustain optimal performance during sleep deprivation. Presently, Dr. Killgore is principal investigator on multiple projects, including three aimed at improving sleep-wake patterns among individuals with mild traumatic brain injuries and/or post-traumatic stress disorder, while a fourth study is focused on modeling the recovery patterns of brain connectivity and cognitive performance at various stages of recovery following concussion, a fifth study is focused on developing internet-based methods for enhancing emotional intelligence and resilience capacities, and a sixth project aimed at identifying the personality factors that contribute to the ability to cope with emotional stress. He recently completed a DARPA funded study to identify the neurocircuitry that underlies the ability to sustain cognitive resilience during periods of sleep deprivation. Dr. Killgore also has over 18 years of military service, including 5 years on active duty as a Medical Service Corps officer and Research Psychologist in the United States Army during the Global War on Terror. While stationed at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington, DC, Dr. Killgore served as Chief of the Neurocognitive Performance Branch and Special Volunteer with the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders within the National Institutes of Health. During his service, he was awarded the COL Edward L. Buescher Award for Excellence in Research by a Young Scientist. Dr. Killgore remains active as a Research Psychologist in the U.S. Army Reserve, currently holding the rank of Colonel. Dr. Killgore was affiliated with Harvard Medical School for 18 years. From 2000-2010, Dr. Killgore was an Instructor in Psychology at Harvard Medical School in Boston, MA, with a 5-year leave of absence during his active military service. He was promoted to the rank of Assistant Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School in 2010 with promotion to Associate Professor at Harvard in 2012. There, he served as Director of the Social, Cognitive, and Affective Neuroscience Laboratory at McLean Hospital in Belmont, MA, until taking a position as Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in 2014.

Haijiang Cai

Associate Professor, Neuroscience
Associate Professor, Translational Neuroscience
Associate Professor, Neuroscience - GIDP (
Associate Professor, BIO5 Institute
Member of the General Faculty
Member of the Graduate Faculty
Primary Department
Department Affiliations

Work Summary

Dr. Haijiang Cai's lab studies neural circuitry mechanism of behaviors in health and disease, and develop research tools as well as disease therapies. Recently, the lab has identified specific neural circuits in a brain region called amygdala that play important roles in both emotion and feeding behavior, which could be targeted to treat eating disorders or depression.

Research Interest

Feeding and anxiety are two conserved behaviors critical to survival and health in all mammals. These two behaviors are interacting with each other in health and disease. Patients with abnormal feeding behaviors during eating disorders or obesity are usually associated with anxiety and depression. These two behaviors are controlled by distinct neural circuits distributed across multiple brain regions. However, whether the neural circuits underlying these two behaviors have overlap or interactions is still unknown. The lab of Dr. Haijiang Cai studies the neural circuits of animal behaviors, with a focus on understanding how the neural circuits regulate feeding and emotional behaviors. The recent work from his lab identified a specific population of neurons in the amygdala, a brain region well known for emotion control, also plays important roles in appetite control. His lab is using state-of-the-art optogenetics, chemogenetics, electrophysiology and in vivo microendoscope calcium imaging to dissect the neural circuits. This research will help understand how feeding and anxiety interact with each other, and provide new insight in developing drugs to treat eating and emotional disorders with fewer side effect. Keywords: Neural circuits, Behavior, Feeding, Anxiety

John JB Allen

Professor, Psychology
Distinguished Professor
Professor, BIO5 Institute
Member of the General Faculty
Professor, Neuroscience - GIDP
Member of the General Faculty
Member of the Graduate Faculty
Primary Department
Department Affiliations
Contact
(520) 621-7448

Work Summary

Depression is a major health problem that is often chronic or recurrent. Existing treatments have limited effectiveness, and are provided wihtout a clear indication that they will match a particular patient's needs. In this era of precision medicine, we strive to develop neurally-informed treatments for depression and related disorders.

Research Interest

Dr. Allen’s research spans several areas, but the main focus is the etiology and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders. His work focuses on identifying risk factors for depression using electroencephalographic and autonomic psychophysiological measures, especially EEG asymmetry, resting state fMRI connectivity, and cardiac vagal control. Based on these findings, he is developing novel and neurally-informed treatments for mood and anxiety disorders, including Transcranial Ultrasound, EEG biofeedback, and Transcranial Direct Current and Transcranial Alternating Current stimulation. Other work includes understanding how emotion and emotional disorders influence the way we make decisions and monitor our actions. Keywords: Depression, Neuromodulation, EEG, Resting-state fMRI