Patanwala, A. E., Martin, J. R., & Erstad, B. L. (2015). Ketamine for Analgosedation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Journal of intensive care medicine.
To evaluate the evidence for the use of intravenous ketamine for analgosedation in the intensive care unit.
Nolan Jr., P. E., Erstad, B. L., Hoyer, G. L., Bliss, M., Gear, K., & Marcus, F. I. (1991). Reply. The American Journal of Cardiology, 67(4), 328-329.
Erstad, B. L. (2000). Enteral nutrition support in acute pancreatitis. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 34(4), 514-521.
PMID: 10772439;Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To review the controversies surrounding the use of nutritional interventions, particularly enteral support, in patients with acute pancreatitis. DATA SOURCES: Articles were obtained through a MEDLINE search (1966-June 1999). Additionally, several textbooks containing information on the diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis were reviewed. The bibliographies of retrieved publications and textbooks were reviewed for additional references. STUDY SELECTION: All original investigations in humans pertaining to the use of enteral nutritional support in acute pancreatitis were reviewed for inclusion. Studies that investigated parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis were also reviewed, with preference given to controlled comparisons with enteral regimens or no nutritional support. DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcomes extracted from the literature were time to oral feeding tolerance, complications (e.g., infection) associated with nutritional support, and length of stay. DATA SYNTHESIS: The duration of pancreatitis and time to oral feedings is similar whether patients receive enteral (i.e., jejunal tube feedings) or parenteral nutrition. Additionally, complications, length of stay, and costs are either similar or decreased with enteral versus parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that the enteral rather than parenteral route should be used to provide nutrition to patients with acute pancreatitis. Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for patients in whom nasojejunal feeding is not possible.
Erstad, B., & Erstad, B. L. (0). Dyspepsia: initial evaluation and treatment. Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (Washington,D.C. : 1996), 42(3).
To provide recommendations for the initial evaluation and management of dyspepsia.
Pajoumand, M., Erstad, B. L., & Camamo, J. M. (2004). Use of Epoetin Alfa in Critically III Patients. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 38(4), 641-648.
PMID: 14966258;Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the controversies regarding the use of epoetin alfa (EPO) for reducing red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in critically ill patients with anemia. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-July 2003) was conducted using the search terms anemia; critical illness; erythropoietin; epoetin alfa; and erythropoietin, recombinant. References of selected articles were reviewed for studies that may have been missed by the computerized search. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Studies pertaining to the use of EPO for anemia of critical illness with an emphasis on data obtained from controlled trials. DATA SYNTHESIS: Anemia is a common complication in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Two prospective, randomized studies have demonstrated decreased transfusion requirements associated with EPO administration in medical/surgical patients who were in the ICU for at least 3 days and had hematocrit concentrations 38%. No differences were found in length of stay or mortality. A multicenter trial found that a restrictive strategy of RBC transfusion (hemoglobin goal 7-9 g/dL) was associated with in-hospital mortality lower than that with a more liberal approach, which calls into question the 38% hematocrit goal in the EPO trials. Furthermore, preliminary results from an economic analysis of EPO use in the ICU setting have demonstrated that EPO is not cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: Given the controversies surrounding EPO administration in critically ill patients, institutions are encouraged to develop EPO guidelines to help ensure the most appropriate use of this expensive product. Additional studies regarding patients most likely to benefit from EPO therapy, the most effective dosing regimen, and use of adjunctive therapies are needed.
