Jasiak, K. D., Middleton, E. A., Camamo, J. M., Erstad, B. L., Snyder, L. S., & Huckleberry, Y. C. (2013). Evaluation of discontinuation of atypical antipsychotics prescribed for ICU delirium. Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 26(3), 253-256.
PMID: 23184410;Abstract:
A number of trials suggest that short-term use of atypical antipsychotics may be useful in the treatment of delirium associated with critical illness. However, long-term use of such agents for this indication has not been studied and may be associated with risks of adverse effects as well as unnecessary health care costs. A retrospective study of prescribing patterns of atypical antipsychotics initiated for the treatment of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium was performed to identify whether these agents were being discontinued prior to or upon hospital discharge. Of the 59 patients who met inclusion criteria and survived to hospital discharge, 28 (47%) were continued on the atypical antipsychotic upon discharge from the medical ICU. For those continued on the agent, 20 patients (71.4%) were prescribed continued therapy as an outpatient. Inpatient costs for atypical antipsychotics during the 9-month study period were increased by approximately $888. Annual cost of the medication as outpatient therapy is assessed at approximately $45 107. Although short-term trials of atypical antipsychotics may be useful for ICU delirium, caution is advised regarding potential adverse effects and added health care costs when use is prolonged. © The Author(s) 2012.
Daller, J. A., Erstad, B., Rosado, L., Otto, C., & Putnam, C. W. (1991). Aminophylline antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade of pancuronium but not vecuronium. Critical Care Medicine, 19(7), 983-985.
Patanwala, A. E., Martin, J. R., & Erstad, B. L. (2015). Ketamine for Analgosedation in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review. Journal of intensive care medicine.
To evaluate the evidence for the use of intravenous ketamine for analgosedation in the intensive care unit.
Nolan Jr., P. E., Erstad, B. L., Hoyer, G. L., Bliss, M., Gear, K., & Marcus, F. I. (1991). Reply. The American Journal of Cardiology, 67(4), 328-329.
Erstad, B. L. (2000). Enteral nutrition support in acute pancreatitis. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 34(4), 514-521.
PMID: 10772439;Abstract:
OBJECTIVE: To review the controversies surrounding the use of nutritional interventions, particularly enteral support, in patients with acute pancreatitis. DATA SOURCES: Articles were obtained through a MEDLINE search (1966-June 1999). Additionally, several textbooks containing information on the diagnosis and management of acute pancreatitis were reviewed. The bibliographies of retrieved publications and textbooks were reviewed for additional references. STUDY SELECTION: All original investigations in humans pertaining to the use of enteral nutritional support in acute pancreatitis were reviewed for inclusion. Studies that investigated parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis were also reviewed, with preference given to controlled comparisons with enteral regimens or no nutritional support. DATA EXTRACTION: The primary outcomes extracted from the literature were time to oral feeding tolerance, complications (e.g., infection) associated with nutritional support, and length of stay. DATA SYNTHESIS: The duration of pancreatitis and time to oral feedings is similar whether patients receive enteral (i.e., jejunal tube feedings) or parenteral nutrition. Additionally, complications, length of stay, and costs are either similar or decreased with enteral versus parenteral nutrition. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that the enteral rather than parenteral route should be used to provide nutrition to patients with acute pancreatitis. Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for patients in whom nasojejunal feeding is not possible.
