Scott B Going

PMID: 7738683;Abstract:

This study determined relationships among total energy intake, nutrient intake, body composition, exercise group status, and annual rates of change (slopes) in bone mineral density in 66 Caucasian premenopausal women (mean age, 34.4 ± 2.7) taking calcium supplements. Body composition components measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry included fat mass, soft tissue lean mass, and bone mineral density (g/cm²) of total body, spine (lumbar vertebrae 2-4), and three femur sites measured at baseline, 5, 12, and 18 mo. Nutrients were not significant variables in regression models predicting bone mineral density slopes (rates of change) at any femur site. The only significant variable in models predicting Ward's triangle bone mineral density slope was the initial fat mass and, for trochanter, exercise. Significant variables (P 0.05) in models predicting total body bone mineral density slope included the initial fat mass and fat mass slope plus either vitamin A, carotene, fiber, magnesium, or phosphorus (R² from 0.31 to 0.25) and fat mass slope plus sodium (R² = 0.24). The significant variable in the model predicting L2-4 slope was energy intake (R² = 0.17, P 0.05). We conclude that nutrient intake, exercise, and body composition are related to bone mineral density rate of change and that relations among these variables vary by bone site.

Abstract:

The ami of this study was to compare cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase 11.(A I') activities in postmenopausal women not undergoing hormone replacement therapy (noHRT) vs. women undergoing estrogen lephicemem therapy (FRT) or a combined HRT (cHRT). Ie; postmenopausal women 55-70 years of age participated m the study CI-TP und LCAT activities were measured by decreases in the mass of endogenous unesterified cholesterol in incubated plasma samples. Mean total cholesterol (255 ± 38. 213 ± 31 and 261 ±39), HDL cholesterol ((SO t. 11.61 ± 11.59-t 23 ) and total/HDL ratios (4.3 ± 0.5, 3.7±11.51 ±11.51 ± 25) were not different among groups (noHRT, FRT. cHRT. respectn-elv i No differences were found m either ( I TP or LCAT activities among groups, however there was a trend for CL'I P activity to lie higher in the two groups undergoing HRT Mean CETP activities for noHRT, FR1. and cHRT were 15 8, 34 6, 54.3 ninol ml-hr. respectively Mean LCAT activities for the three groups were 62 6, 69.2. 56 7 nmol/ml-hr. respectively This study .suggests that hormone replacement therapy may not affect reverse cholesterol transport bv i CAT and CFTP mediated mechanisms.

PMID: 20056719;PMCID: PMC2836140;Abstract:

Background. Prescription of resistance training (RT) exercises is an essential aspect of management for knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, whether patients with knee OA who are randomly assigned to receive RT simply substitute RT for other modes of physical activity remains unclear. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured RT intervention on overall levels of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) in patients with early-onset knee OA. The study compared patients with early-onset OA who participated in an RT program, those who participated in a self-management (SM) program, and those who participated in both RT and SM. Because participants randomly assigned to receive the RT intervention may simply switch activity modes, resulting in little net effect, we assessed total MVPA in addition to tracking changes in strength (force-generating capacity). Design and Intervention. This study was a randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of SM alone, RT alone, and combined RT+SM on MVPA in patients with early OA of the knee. Setting. The study was conducted on a university campus, with patient recruitment from the local community. Participants. The participants in this study were 171 patients (74% women, 26% men) with knee OA. They had a mean age of 55.1 (SD=7.1) years, a mean body mass index of 27.6 (SD=4.2) kg/m², and radiographic status of grade II OA (and no higher) in at least one knee, as defined by the Kellgren and Lawrence classification. They wore an accelerometer while awake (X^-= 14.2 [SD=2.2] hours) for 5 to 7 contiguous days (X^-=6.8 [SD=0.5] days) at baseline and at 3 and 9 months of intervention. Results. The participants engaged in MVPA a mean of 26.2 (SD=19.3) minutes per day at baseline. Both groups significantly increased their MVPA from baseline to 3 months (RT group by 18% [effect size (d)=0.26]; SM group by 22% [effect size (d)=0.25]), but only the RT group sustained those changes at 9 months (RT group maintained a 10% increase [effect size (d)=0.15]; SM group maintained a 2% increase [effect size (d)=0.03]). A significant group X time interaction for MVPA indicated that the RT group maintained higher MVPA levels than the SM group. Limitations. Lack of direct measures of energy expenditure and physical function was a limitation of the study. Conclusions. Patients with early-onset OA of the knee can engage in an RT program without sacrificing their overall MVPA levels. These results support the value of RT for management of knee OA. © 2010 American Physical Therapy Association.