Scott B Going

Scott B Going

Director, School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness
Professor, Nutritional Sciences
Professor, Public Health
Professor, Physiology
Professor, Physiological Sciences - GIDP
Professor, BIO5 Institute
Primary Department
Department Affiliations
Contact
(520) 626-3432

Work Summary

Scott Going is an expert in models and methods for assessment of changes in body composition during growth, and with aging, and is currently investigating the effects of chronic exercise versus hormone replacement therapy on bone, soft tissue composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women, as well as the role of exercise in obesity prevention in children.

Research Interest

Current projects include:The Bone, Estrogen and Strength Training (BEST) study, a randomized prospective study of the effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density, soft tissue composition, and muscle strength in postmenopausal women (National Institutes of Health). The Profile-based Internet-linked Obesity Treatment study (PILOT), a randomized study of internet support for weight maintenance after weight loss in peri-menopausal women (National Institutes of Health). The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) study, a multi-center, school-based activity trial designed to prevent the usual decline in physical activity in adolescent girls (National Institutes of Health). The Adequate Calcium Today (ACT) study, a randomized multi-center study of a behavioral intervention to promote healthy eating, calcium intake and bone development in adolescent girls (United States Department of Agriculture). The Healthy Weight in Adolescents study, a randomized, multi-center study of the effects of a science-based curriculum focused on concepts of energy balance on body weight and composition in adolescent boys and girls (United States Department of Agriculture). The KNEE study, a randomized clinical trial of the effects of resistance exercise on disease progression, pain, and functional capacity in osteoarthritis patients (National Institutes of Health). The STRONG study, a randomized clinical trial of the effects of resistance exercise and Remicaid on disease progression, pain, muscle strength and functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients (Centocor, Inc.). Partners for Healthy Active Children, Campañeros Para Niños Sano y Actives, designed to create and implement research-based physical education and nutrition curricula at YMCA after-school programs and Sunnyside District elementary schools, in alignment with the State o Arizona , Health and Physical Activity standards (Carol M. White Physical Education Program CFDA #84.215F). Longitudinal Changes in Hip Geometry, an observational and experimental cohort study of changes in muscle mass, hip structural parameters and hip bone strength in middle-aged and older women in the Women's Healthy Initiative study (National Institutes of Health).

Publications

Robbins, A., Greaves, K., Femandez, M. L., & Going, S. (1996). Freezing does not affect the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. FASEB Journal, 10(3), A748.

Abstract:

The aims of this study were to determine the effect of sample freezing on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and to determine mtra-assay and intra-subject variability. LDL oxidative susceptibility was determined by the analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARSl generated during incubation of LDL with Cu2+. Blood was drawn from healthy postmenopausal subjects and separated into two fresh aliquots (FRIA and FR1B) which were immediately assayed for LDL oxidation susceptibility, while a third aliquot was frozen (FROZ) for 2-4 weeks at -30°C before analysis Subjects returned 2-4 weeks later for a second blood draw and LDL oxidation was measured the same day (FR2) LDL oxidation values were 28 4 ± 10 0. 27 6 ± 7 n. 32 0 ± 69 0 and 29.7 ± 03 {mean ± SD. n - 8) for FRIA, FRIB, FRO/ and FR2 respectively There were no significant differences among treatments. Significant correlations (P ' 0 03) were found between FRIA and FR1B (r = 0.97); the mean of FRIA and FRIB vs FR2 and FROZ (r = 0.71, r = 0.78 respectively) These results demonstrate that sample freezing had no effect on the susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and that there is no significant variation between samples taken at different time periods for the same individual.

Bea, J. W., Cussler, E. C., Going, S. B., Blew, R. M., Metcalfe, L. L., & Lohman, T. G. (2010). Resistance training predicts 6-yr body composition change in postmenopausal women. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 42(7), 1286-1295.

PMID: 20019638;PMCID: PMC2892016;Abstract:

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the association of exercise frequency (ExFreq) and volume (total weight lifted by military press and squats (SQ)) with change in body composition among postmenopausal women participating in a progressive resistance training study. Methods: Previously, sedentary women (n = 122, age = 56.3 ± 4.3 yr) were followed for 6 yr. At 6 yr, there were women who had been randomly assigned to resistance training at baseline (n = 65) controls that were permitted to cross over to the exercise program at 1 yr (n = 32) and 25 true controls. Exercisers and crossovers directed to perform eight core exercises for two sets of eight repetitions at 70%-80% of one-repetition maximum, three times weekly, plus progressive weight bearing, stretching, and balance. Body weight and fat were measured at baseline and annually using anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Average change in body weight and total body fat were 0.83 ± 5.39 and 0.64 ± 4.95 kg at 6 yr, respectively. In multiple linear regression, ExFreq, military press, and SQ were significantly inversely associated with change in body weight (standardized beta coefficient (SBC) =-0.22 to-0.28, P 0.01), fat (SBC =-0.25 to-0.33, P 0.01), and trunk fat (SBC =-0.20 to-0.31, P 0.03) after adjusting for age, years on hormone therapy, change in lean soft tissue, baseline body composition, and baseline habitual exercise. The lowest tertile of SQ (equivalent to 2.5% attendance) demonstrated significant gain in weight, fat, and trunk fat over 6 yr (P 0.004), whereas the highest tertile SQ (equivalent to 64% attendance) was able to maintain their weight, total, and regional fat. Conclusions: We conclude that resistance training is a viable long-term method to prevent weight gain and deleterious changes in body composition in postmenopausal women. Copyright © 2010 by the American College of Sports Medicine.

Greaves, K. A., Going, S. B., Fernandez, M. L., Milliken, L. A., Lohman, T. G., Bassford, T., & McNamara, D. J. (2003). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase activities in hispanic and anglo postmenopausal women: Associations with total and regional body fat. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 52(3), 282-289.

PMID: 12647264;Abstract:

Reverse cholesterol transport is one process by which high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been hypothesized to play a role in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease. This study was designed to examine cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities, 2 modulators of reverse cholesterol transport, in Hispanic and Anglo postmenopausal women. The associations between plasma CETP and LCAT activities and body composition were also examined. Of the 199 subjects, 33% were of Hispanic origin and 47% were undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and anthropometry. Plasma CETP activity was higher in Hispanic compared to Anglo women, although the difference was eliminated when data were adjusted for abdominal fat. Hispanic women had lower plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations, higher total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratios and triglyceride concentrations, and greater susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles to oxidation. Hispanic women also had a significantly greater relative deposition of body fat on the trunk and intra-abdominally than did Anglo women, even after adjusting for total body fat. There were no significant ethnic differences in LCAT activity. Plasma CETP and LCAT activities were negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol and positively correlated with total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as total and regional body composition variables. In conclusion, results suggest a greater risk for coronary heart disease in, Hispanic women compared to Anglo women. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Lohman, T., Hingle, M., & Going, S. B. (2013). Assessment of Body Composition in Children in 1989 (25 Years Ago). Pediatric Exercise Science, 25(4), 573-590.
Morrow, J. J., Going, S., Welk, G., & editors, g. (2011). FITNESSGRAM Development of New Criterion-Referenced Fitness Standards for Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition. Am J Prev Supplement, 41(6), S63-S67.