David W Galbraith
Work Summary
I examine the molecular functions of the different cells found in the tissues and organs of plants and animals and how they combine these functions to optimize the health and vigor of the organism.
I examine the molecular functions of the different cells found in the tissues and organs of plants and animals and how they combine these functions to optimize the health and vigor of the organism.
Abstract:
The application of genomic approaches may serve as an initial step in broadening our understanding of the complex network of biochemical and cellular processes responsible for the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. However, bud tissue in general, and the dormant bud in particular, are under-represented in the public Vitis genomic resources. Here we describe a large-scale grape-bud EST collection representing a wide range of bud developmental stages. A collection of 5516 consensus sequences is presented, of which 59% were not included within the Vitis TIGR collection at the time of current analysis. About 22% of these transcripts bear no resemblance to any known plant transcript and thus corroborate the need for this targeted EST collection. The added value of the presented EST collection lies in the conferred ability to compare EST frequencies between the different cDNA libraries. Such comparison was implemented and allowed us to identify several genes/functions whose expression is altered in response to the dormancy-release treatment. Based on this analysis, it is suggested that oxidative stress, calcium signaling, intracellular vesicle trafficking and anaerobic mode of carbohydrate metabolism play a role in the regulation and execution of grape-bud dormancy release. © 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
PMID: 19843695;PMCID: PMC2764735;Abstract:
Multicellular organs are composed of distinct cell types with unique assemblages of translated mRNAs. Here, ribosome-associated mRNAs were immunopurified from specific cell populations of intact seedlings using Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a FLAG-epitope tagged ribosomal protein L18 (FLAG-RPL18) via developmentally regulated promoters. The profiling of mRNAs in ribosome complexes, referred to as the translatome, identified differentially expressed mRNAs in 21 cell populations defined by cell-specific expression of FLAG-RPL18. Phloem companion cells of the root and shoot had the most distinctive translatomes. When seedlings were exposed to a brief period of hypoxia, a pronounced reprioritization of mRNA enrichment in the cell-specific translatomes occurred, including a ubiquitous rise in 49 mRNAs encoding transcription factors, signaling proteins, anaerobic metabolism enzymes, and uncharacterized proteins. Translatome profiling also exposed an intricate molecular signature of transcription factor (TF) family member mRNAs that was markedly reconfigured by hypoxia at global and cell-specific levels. In addition to the demonstration of the complexity and plasticity of cell-specific populations of ribosome-associated mRNAs, this study provides an in silico dataset for recognition of differentially expressed genes at the cell-, region-, and organ-specific levels.