Park, B. J., Sigel, K., Vaz, V., Komatsu, K., McRill, C., Phelan, M., Colman, T., Comrie, A. C., Warnock, D. W., Galgiani, J. N., & Hajjeh, R. A. (2005). An epidemic of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona associated with climatic changes, 1998-2001. The Journal of infectious diseases, 191(11), 1981-7.
Reports of coccidioidomycosis cases in Arizona have increased substantially. We investigated factors associated with the increase.
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PONT, A., GRAYBILL JR, ., CRAVEN, P. C., GALGIANI, J. N., DISMUKES, W. E., REITZ, R. E., & STEVENS, D. A. (1984). HIGH-DOSE KETOCONAZOLE THERAPY AND ADRENAL AND TESTICULAR FUNCTION IN HUMANS. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 144(11), 2150-2153.
Orsborn, K. I., Shubitz, L. F., Peng, T., Kellner, E. M., Orbach, M. J., Haynes, P. A., & Galgiani, J. N. (2006). Protein expression profiling of Coccidioides posadasii by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and evaluation of a newly recognized peroxisomal matrix protein as a recombinant vaccine candidate. Infection and immunity, 74(3), 1865-72.
Coccidioides posadasii and Coccidioides immitis are dimorphic, soil-dwelling pathogenic ascomycetes endemic to the southwestern United States. Infection can result from inhalation of a very few arthroconidia, but following natural infection, long-lived immunity is the norm. Previous work in the field has shown that spherule-derived vaccines afford more protection than those from mycelia. We have used two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis coupled with nano-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to directly assess both absolute abundance and differential expression of proteins in the spherule and the mycelial phases of C. posadasii with the intent to identify potential vaccine candidates. Peptides derived from 40 protein spots were analyzed and a probable identity was assigned to each. One spherule-abundant protein, identified as Pmp1, showed homology to allergens from Aspergillus fumigatus and other fungi, all of which exhibit similarity to yeast thiol peroxidases. Recombinant Pmp1 was reactive with serum from individuals with both acute and protracted disease, and evoked protection in two murine models of infection with C. posadasii. These results demonstrate the utility of proteomic analysis as a point of discovery for protective antigens for possible inclusion in a vaccine candidate to prevent coccidioidomycosis.
Stern, N. G., & Galgiani, J. N. (2010). Coccidioidomycosis among scholarship athletes and other college students, Arizona, USA. Emerging infectious diseases, 16(2), 321-3.
To compare coccidioidomycosis case rates among groups of young adults in a disease-endemic region, we reviewed medical charts for serologic testing and coding. Case rates were higher for scholarship athletes than for other students and paralleled 5x more serologic testing. Our findings underscore the need to routinely test patients for coccidioidomycosis.