Ryan N Gutenkunst

Abstract:

Cornell University has developed an open source software system called SloppyCell, written in Python, to model biomolecular reaction networks. SloppyCell improves standard dynamical modeling by focusing on inference of model parameters from data and quantification of the uncertainties of model prediction. An important role in the software is to combine together many diverse modules that provide specific functionality. NumPy and SciPy were used for numeric, particularly for integrating differential equations, optimizing parameters by least squares fits to data, and analyzing the Hessian matrix about a best-fit set of parameters. Models are read and written in a standardized XML-based file format and the Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) with assistance from a Python interface to the libSBML library.

Rule-based modeling provides a means to represent cell signaling systems in a way that captures site-specific details of molecular interactions. For rule-based models to be more widely understood and (re)used, conventions for model visualization and annotation are needed. We have developed the concepts of an extended contact map and a model guide for illustrating and annotating rule-based models. An extended contact map represents the scope of a model by providing an illustration of each molecule, molecular component, direct physical interaction, post-translational modification, and enzyme-substrate relationship considered in a model. A map can also illustrate allosteric effects, structural relationships among molecular components, and compartmental locations of molecules. A model guide associates elements of a contact map with annotation and elements of an underlying model, which may be fully or partially specified. A guide can also serve to document the biological knowledge upon which a model is based. We provide examples of a map and guide for a published rule-based model that characterizes early events in IgE receptor (FcεRI) signaling. We also provide examples of how to visualize a variety of processes that are common in cell signaling systems but not considered in the example model, such as ubiquitination. An extended contact map and an associated guide can document knowledge of a cell signaling system in a form that is visual as well as executable. As a tool for model annotation, a map and guide can communicate the content of a model clearly and with precision, even for large models.

Abstract:

In the very near future gravitational wave astronomy is expected to become a reality, giving us a completely new tool for exploring the universe around us. We provide an introduction to how interferometric gravitational wave detectors work, suitable for students entering the field and teachers who wish to cover the subject matter in an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate level course. © 2003 American Association of Physics Teachers.